Pronouns

Most commonly used neopronoun flag

In linguistics and grammar, pronouns are words that substitutes a noun or a noun phrase. Pronouns are regarded as one of the parts of speech. Subtypes include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative and interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.

First person pronouns include "I, me, my, myself, mine, we, us, our, ours, ourselves." Second-person pronouns include "you, your, yours, yourself and yourselves." Third person pronouns are where it is a little more tricky in the context of English grammar, as third person singular pronouns in English are traditionally gendered, which may not be ideal for some non-binary people.

However, with the inclusion of "singular they" and neopronouns, non-binary people can refer to themselves with a gender-neutral pronoun. Common examples of third person pronouns are she/her/hers, he/him/his, they/them/theirs, and it/it/its.

Although some pronouns are traditionally associated with certain genders, such as she/her/hers/herself with women and he/him/his/himself with men, anyone of any gender identity can use any pronouns.

Transgender people often change pronouns along with names and titles as part of their transition. Using the wrong pronouns, intentionally or by accident, is a form of misgendering.

Though most people will choose a single pronoun set to go by, some people choose to go by multiple pronoun sets.

Some examples of pronoun sets used by English speakers to refer to individuals are:

Pronouns Chart

Person	Number/Gender		Subject	Object	Possessive determiner	Possessive pronoun	Reflexive
First Person	Singular		I	me	my	mine	myself
	Plural		we	us	our	ours	ourselves
Second Person	Singular (modern)		you	you	your	yours	yourself
	Singular (archaic informal)		thou	thee	thy, thine	thine	thyself
	Plural (modern)		you, you all, y'all	you, you all, y'all	your	yours	yourselves
	Singular/Plural (archaic formal)		ye	you	your	yours	yourself, yourselves
Third Person		Singular masculine	he	him	his	his	himself
		Singular feminine	she	her	her	hers	herself
		Singular (typically for objects and non-persons, but some people use it)	it	it	its	its	itself
		Singular gender-neutral (for people) or plural gender-neutral	they	them	their	theirs	themself, themselves
		Singular indefinite	one	one	one's	one's	oneself
		Neopronouns (singular gender-neutral)	ae	aer	aer	aer	aerself
			co	cos	cos, co's	cos, co's	coself
			e	em	eir	eirs	emself
			ey	em	eir	eirs	eirself
			fae	faer	faer	faer	faerself
			fey	fem	feir	feirs	femself
			hu	hum	hus	hus	humself
			hy	hym	hys	hys	hymself
			kie	kir	kir	kirs	kirself
			mer	mer	mer	mers	merself
			ne	nem	nir	nirs	nemself
			ne	nir	nir	nirs	nyself
			nee	ner	ner	ners	nerself
			peh	pehm	pehs	pehs	pehself
			per	per	per	pers	perself
			sie	hir	hir	hirs	hirself
			te	tir	tes	tes	tirself
			tey	tem	ter	ters	temself
			thon	thon	thons	thons	thonself
			ve	ver	vis	vis	verself
			xe	xem	xyr	xyrs	xemself
			ze	zir	zir	zirs	zirself
			ze	zem	zer	zers	zerself

Traditional pronouns

To show the usage of pronouns, here is a list of ways to use them with this sentence. "[Subject pronoun] looked at [reflexive pronoun] in the mirror, and [possessive pronoun] reflection smiled back at [object pronoun].

First person

First-person pronouns are pronouns that the speaker or writer uses to refer to themself or to themself and another person.

• I/me/my/myself: First person singular.
  • I looked at myself in the mirror, and my reflection smiled back at me.
• We/us/our/ourselves: First person plural. Includes the speaker and someone else.
  • We looked at ourselves in the mirror, and our reflection smiled back at us.

Second person

Second-person pronouns are pronouns that the speaker or writer uses to refer to the person or people they are talking to.

• You/you/your/yourself: Second person singular.
  • You looked at yourself in the mirror, and your reflection smiled back at you.
• You (all)/you/your/yourselves: Second person plural.
  • You (all) looked at yourselves in the mirror, and your reflection smiled back at you.

Archaic second person pronouns

• Thou/thee/thy/thine/thyself: Archaic second person singular and/or informal.
  • Thou looked at thyself in the mirror and thy reflection smiled back at thee.
• Ye/you/your/yourselves or yourself: Archaic second person plural and/or formal.
  • Ye looked at yourself/yourselves in the mirror, and your reflection smiled back at you.

Third person

Third-person pronouns are pronouns that the speaker or writer uses to refer to a person, people, group(s), animal(s), or object(s) they are talking about.

• She/her/hers/herself. This pronoun is traditionally feminine and used to refer to females and people who identify as women.
  • She looked at herself in the mirror, and her reflection smiled back at her.
• He/him/his/himself. This pronoun is traditionally masculine and used to refer to males and people who identify as men.
  • He looked at himself in the mirror, and his reflection smiled back at him.
• They/them/theirs/themself. "Singular they."
  • They looked at themself in the mirror, and their reflection smiled back at them.
• They/them/theirs/themselves. "Plural they."
  • They looked at themselves in the mirror, and their reflection smiled back at them.
• It/its/itself. Traditionally used for inanimate objects, certain animals, or as placeholder subject in sentences with no identifiable actor. Some people use it/its/itself pronouns, however it's important to err on the side of caution. Using it/its pronouns to a person who does not claim them is considered dehumanizing as it implies that the person isn't human.
  • It looked at itself in the mirror, and its reflection smiled back at it.

Indefinite; the "fourth-person"

The term "fourth person" is sometimes used for the category of indefinite or generic referents, which work like one in English phrases such as "one should be prepared" or people in "people say that..." or they such as "they say that..." when the grammar treats them differently from ordinary third-person forms.

One/one/one's/oneself. Indefinite.

• One looked at oneself in the mirror, and one's reflection smiled back at one.

Neopronouns

Neopronouns are any set of nontraditional single third person pronouns that are created with the intent of being a gender neutral pronoun set. These pronouns are, for the most part, not officially recognized in the language.

• Ey/em/eirs/eirself. Elverson.
  • Ey looked at eirself in the mirror, and eir reflection smiled back at em.
• E/Em/Eirs/emself. Spivak.
  • E looked at Emself in the mirror, and Eir reflection smiled back at Em.
• Xe/xem/xyrs/xemself.
  • Xe looked at xemself in the mirror, and xyr reflection smiled back at xem.
• Sie/hir/hirs/hirself.
  • Sie looked at hirself in the mirror, and hir reflection smiled back at hir.
• Ve/ver/vis/verself.
  • Ve looked at verself in the mirror, and vis reflection smiled back at ver.
• Ze/zir/zirs/zirself.
  • Ze looked at zirself in the mirror, and zir reflection smiled back at zir.
• Ne/nem/nirs/nemself.
  • Ne looked at nemself in the mirror, and nir reflection smiled back at nem.
• Ze/zer/zers/zemself.
  • Ze looked at zemself in the mirror, and zer reflection smiled back at zem.
• Fae/faer/faers/faerself.
  • Fae looked at faerself in the mirror, and faer reflection smiled back at faer.

• Per/per/pers/perself.
  • Per looked at perself in the mirror, and per reflection smiled back at per.